ã€Fire Truck】High-grade fire engine safety performance inspection and maintenance
Abstract: Starting from the problems existing in the practical application of high-grade fire trucks, this article describes briefly how a high-grade fire truck should be tested for simple safety performance and how to use it to ensure its safety. The purpose is to avoid lifting the high class. Fire truck malfunctions and accidents during the purchase inspection and daily use. Keywords: high-lift fire engine; safety performance; use and maintenance introduction With the rapid development of our country’s economy, high-rise buildings in various places have also mushroomed. In order to meet the needs of fighting high-level fires, the Ministry of Public Security is responsible for compiling, reviewing by the relevant state agencies, and the approval of the Ministry of Construction and the National Development and Reform Commission for the issuance of the “Standard for the Construction of Urban Fire Stations ( Revised ) â€, which will provide more and more equipment for high-grade fire engines. To the fire department. Taking high-grade fire engines as fire-fighting equipment that can be used both for extinguishing fires and for saving people at high altitude , has played an active role in fighting fires in high-rise buildings. However, due to the relatively complicated structures of lift cars, safety requirements are relatively high, and if they are used improperly , can easily cause accidents. The article discusses the use of high-grade fire trucks in terms of their performance characteristics, problems in safety inspection, precautions for use, and maintenance. 1 Overview of the development of high-grade fire engines and trends 1 . 1 Overview of high-grade fire engines German MAN full foam multiple fire extinguishing agent lift high jet fire truck The world's first high-grade fire engine was a ladder ladder fire truck developed in Germany in 1872. The ladder was operated by hand. After 1974 , China's Shenyang Fire Engine Factory produced a series of ladder fire engines and high-lift fire trucks. In the mid-1990s, it organized fire engines for high fire trucks because of the backwardness of hydraulic systems in China and the high failure rate. The introduction of hydraulic elements, devices and seals directly from abroad has brought about a rapid increase in the quality of fire fighting vehicles in China. At present, China's top-ranking firefighting vehicle manufacturers include Xugong Group, Zoomlion, Shenyang Jietong, Fushun Crane and Suzhou Jetta. 1 . 2 The development trend of high-grade fire engines 1 . 2 . 1 jib aspect In the past, a high-grade fire truck was not a straight arm or a crank arm. Both types of booms have their own advantages and disadvantages. In order to take into account the advantages of these two types of booms, straight and crank booms have been developed in recent years. As this type of boom structure takes into account the advantages of straight arms and crank arms, the straight and crank booms have developed rapidly. The current height exceeds 30%. The type of boom is basically adopted for the meters of high-grade fire engines used in meters. In addition, advanced manufacturing technology has been used extensively in the current boom manufacturing. The use of laser cutting sheet, the use of shot peening to eliminate the stress of the cut sheet and eliminate stains, welding using plasma welding technology and so on. The adoption of these advanced technologies can ensure that the manufactured boom has good concentricity, low internal stress, small deformation, good strength and rigidity, and low resistance to movement between the booms. 1 . 2 . 2 control technology For high-class fire engines from the beginning of the last century 9O's improved display device and the operating mechanism, the simplification of the operation, the degree of automation has improved significantly. Centralized operation, centralized display and troubleshooting, and even remote troubleshooting. 1 . 2 . 3 Disparities at home and abroad Compared with domestic ones, foreign high-grade fire engines have a lot more varieties and quality than domestic ones. Especially in the reliability than the domestic much higher. Foreign high-grade fire engines have been developed in the direction of procedures and intelligence. Various high-performance and high-reliability sensors are used to ensure the safety of high-lift fire engines. Using the rapid development of communication technology, remote monitoring and fault diagnosis of high-lift fire engines. 2 lift high fire truck features and performance The term “high fire truck†refers to a fire engine that is equipped with a support system, a turntable, a raised boom, and a fire extinguishing device that can be used to extinguish fires and rescues. It is usually based on differences in the structure and use of the lift boom system. Divided into ladder ladder fire trucks, climbing platform fire engines and high jet fire engines. The development of high fire trucks has a history of more than 100 years. In recent years, along with the needs of actual combat and advances in manufacturing technology, a straight arm lift truck with a bendable forearm has been derived from the front of the ladder truck. Attaching ladders on one side of the boom, lifting working platforms on high-ejection fire trucks, and adding compound lift trucks such as water tanks and fire pumps on large-lift high-fire trucks to play a greater role in firefighting and rescue operations The role. 2 . 1 Yuntai fire truck features and performance The ladder ladder fire truck adopts a telescopic arm structure. Its advantages are lighter weight, quicker movement, easier operation, and direct target. Take the Maxilus cloud ladder fire truck as an example, the total weight of the 55m arm ladder ladder fire truck is only 22t. About left and right, the ladder is stretched from the driving position to the maximum length, maximum working height and rotated 9o degrees, and the working time to reach the maximum rescue scope is only about 85s . The total height of an ascending platform fire truck (54m climbing platform vehicle ) reaches 36t , and it takes 130s to complete the same operation . The disadvantages are: relatively low operation altitude, low platform load, and low maximum deployment boom angle (75 degrees ) . The current maximum height of ladder ladder fire truck is 56m . Due to the limitation of its manufacturing process, it is difficult to achieve greater breakthrough. . The second is that the ladder ladder fire truck reduces the weight of the telescopic boom of the vehicle. Some of them use fixed pipelines ( ie, the uppermost one ladder installs the water pipe, and before the fire extinguishing operation, connect the water pipe through a fixed pipeline ) . The platform load is relatively small, and it can hold 2 People (270 - 320KG ) and water cannon traffic are relatively low (1800 - 3800L / min) . 2 . 2 characteristics and performance of the platform vehicle The climbing platform fire truck, also known as the hydraulic lifting trolley, is also known as a crank arm because of its curved arm structure. In the 1990s , along with the progress of the manufacturing process, there was also a straight arm telescopic arm structure, which was characterized by flexibility and smooth operation. It has a large work span, a wide range, a large working platform, and a relatively high load-bearing working platform, which facilitates the implementation of firefighting and rescue operations and even rescues valuable materials. Its working platform can be used in combination with a descent, hydraulic winch or a lifeslide to save lives while extinguishing the fire. The maximum deployment angle of the working arm is 85 degrees, and the working height is high. At present, the world's highest use platform for the platform is 104m , and the large-scale rescue platform can carry 5 people (500kg) . Due to its large working platform, its integrated waterway and solid The water cannon system can be put into fire fighting capability immediately, and the flow of water cannons is large (2300 - 6000L / min) . 2 . 3 lift jet engine features and performance The high-ejection firefighting vehicle is commonly known as the high-sprayer, which adopts a crank arm structure and is equipped with a fire monitor at its top . The liquid-controlled gun can spray water and spray foam. It has a long range, high flow, and can easily occupy a high altitude. Agent. Because of its large consumption of fire extinguishing agents, modern high-spray trucks are generally equipped with water tanks, fire-fighting pumps, and vacuum priming pumps. They can be used independently in the case of surface water sources. They must be used in conjunction with large-scale water supply vehicles or foam cars for water-free sources. To ensure the high jet car uninterrupted shooting. In recent years, high-ejection fire engines have been developed in a multi-functional manner. For example, a puncture type nozzle is installed on the top of the boom, and hydraulic cylinder power is used. Through the remote control device, the demolition apparatus can be operated to break the glass window, plywood, and even brick and concrete construction. The roof, so that the water can be sprayed directly into the room and other functions. 3 requirements and test methods for safety performance of high-grade fire engines 3 . 1 class high fire safety performance requirements In terms of safety, high-grade fire engines should meet the following requirements: 3 . 1 . 1 stability Stability is an important indicator of the safety performance of high-grade fire engines. Its standard meaning: 1 loaded in the working pipe. For the heavy load with 1 times of rated load, the sum of the residual loads of the two legs that reduce the load after being loaded should be greater than the rear axle load when lifting the car with the lowest stability under the conditions with the most stable working range of the lift car. 10 % of the mass . From the above meaning, it can be seen that the stability measurement requires more complicated equipment and skilled operators. 3 . 1 . 2 Interlocking on and off the car Interlocking means that when the outriggers are not deployed and leveled, the onboard arm does not move. In turn, the legs of the off-carriage cannot be retracted before the upper boom is retracted and placed in the cradle. 3 . 1 . 3 soft leg alarm, and the arm moves in a safe direction The meaning of the soft leg alarm is that when the high car is working, any leg is retracted or the force is not applied ( soft legs ) , there should be sound and light alarms, and the safety system should ensure that the boom is not 3 . 1 . 4 boom overload alarm Overload alarm refers to the alarm when the boom exceeds the specified load. 3 . 1 . 5 jib or work bucket collision avoidance ( obstructions and high voltage cables The ladders of the work bucket and ladder shall automatically stop moving before they hit obstacles. This provision is to prevent accidental collisions between ladder ladders and work buckets and obstacles, leading to accidents. 3 . 1 . 6 boom operation requirements The boom of high-grade fire trucks should be operated smoothly without crawling, shaking, or hydraulic system oil leakage. 3 . 2 Acceptance method for high fire truck safety system 3 . 2 . 1 stability acceptance method Park the fire engine to be tested on a flat, hard surface. Extend the legs on both sides and use the automatic leveling method to lift the legs and confirm that the safety system of the lift truck is working properly. Lowering the boom, bucket built on the work 1. 1 times the rated load of the weight, then raise the boom to level, turn the boom to the side of the vehicle, extend the boom until the safety system will stop the extension of the boom ( high sprayer should press the rated injection pressure at this time Spray in a dangerous direction, and then rotate the boom about 10 degrees to the left and right . At the same time, observe whether the two legs on the opposite side of the boom are off the ground. If there is no ground movement, retract the boom and turn it to the rear of the vehicle, and then extend the arm. The rack-to-safety system stops the extension of the boom, and then the boom is turned about 10 degrees to the left and right . At the same time, observe whether the front two legs are out of the ground. Then turn the boom to the other side of the vehicle according to the above method. It should be pointed out that since this method does not use measuring equipment and does not have specific stability data, it is only possible to make a rough estimate of the stability of a high fire truck. 3 . 2 . 2 Interlocking on and off the car The check method to get off the interlock is to stop the high fire engine to be tested on a flat, hard surface. The outrigger is not working, and the arm is lifted. At this time, the boom should not be able to move. Then, the boom is raised by normal operation. In the case where the boom is not retracted, the operation of the receipt leg is performed, and the leg should not be recovered at this time. 3 . 2 . 3 soft leg alarm The meaning of the soft leg alarm is that when lifting a high car at work, any leg is retracted or under no force ( soft legs ) , there should be sound and light alarms, and the safety system should ensure that the boom cannot move in a dangerous direction. . At present, most high-elevation fire engines in China are capable of performing sound and light alarms in the event of soft legs. At the same time, the safety system should ensure that the boom cannot move in a dangerous direction, and manual intervention is required to move in a safe direction. However, foreign high-fire trucks can do when the soft leg occurs. When the sound and light alarms, the boom moves automatically in a safe direction without manual intervention. This can be a valuable time to eliminate hidden dangers. Our country is not technically unable to do so, but the standard does not require it. Because the phenomenon of soft leg is rarely occurring at present, and artificially created soft leg accidents have certain risks of victory, inspections in this area are not encouraged. 3 . 2 . 4 overload alarm Overload alarm refers to the alarm when the boom exceeds the specified load, but the boom should also be able to move. This function is not stipulated in the Chinese standards, so domestic fire engines may not have this function. However, some imported cars have this function. 3 . 2 . 5 boom and work bucket collision avoidance Park the fire engine to be tested on a flat, hard surface. Raise the legs on both sides and turn the boom to the side or rear of the vehicle ( depending on the site conditions ) . Slowly move the bucket to the ground. 3 . 2 . 6 Boom running smoothness During the inspection, the high fire engine to be tested shall be stopped on a flat, hard surface. Extend the legs on both sides, support them and reciprocate them two or three times. Observe whether the movements of the legs are smooth and have no blockage. Then support the two legs, extend the jib no-load to the highest, and then back, so reciprocating two or three times, observe the movement of the jib without crawling, jitter and other phenomena, the hydraulic system has no oil leakage. Then load according to the rated load, and then repeat the extension and retraction of the boom -N three times, and check the movement of the boom with or without crawling, jitter, etc., and whether the hydraulic system has any oil leakage. When the hydraulic system malfunctions or the power is interrupted, the boom and the support leg must not be retracted, and the turntable must not be turned in any direction to check that the high fire engine to be tested is parked on a flat, hard surface. Raise the legs on both sides, and then load the work bucket or ladder frame according to the rated load, and attach a rope perpendicular to the ground at the bottom of the work bucket or at the top of the ladder frame to raise the boom to the highest height. Observe whether the turntable is first Turn it. Then, stop the engine that drives the hydraulic pump . Measure the extension length of the vertical cylinder of the leg at this time, and then place the rope at the bottom of the working bucket or at the top of the ladder vertically to the ground, and mark the point where the rope meets the ground. In this condition, hold for a period of time ( this time can not be less than 1h , the longer the time, the more accurate the measurement ) , and then measure the length of the leg and the rope again. The difference between the two measurements is the leg during this period of time. The amount of retraction of the boom. The smaller the amount of this retraction, the better. 4 Lifting Car Safety Operation Precautions Due to the complex structure and many functions, high-lift trucks require relatively high requirements for drivers and operators. Operators must be familiar with the structure and functions of the vehicles and understand their correct usage. After the manufacturer's system training, they can operate on duty. Before the vehicle is driven, the driver must check whether the leg is completely retracted and whether the toolbox door is closed. Because the arm frame is raised and the rear suspension is long, the driver should pay attention to whether there is enough space to allow the driver to cross the intersection. The turning of the vehicle; due to the high center of gravity of the fire truck, the vehicle should be slowed down and slowed when turning, to prevent side-turning; due to the higher vehicle, the height should be taken into account when passing through the underground passage to ensure the safe passage of the vehicle. When using the scene instantaneous wind speed exceeds overhead work stage 5, should the safety rope hanging on two sides of the platform, the other section of the rope is pulled by a person points on both sides, in order to maintain the platform stable, the wind speed exceeds the instantaneous level 6, it should be Stop climbing operations. When used on site, the vehicle should be as close as possible to the target building when the traffic conditions permit. Because the upper arm lift range has certain limitations, it is necessary to estimate the reach of the work platform in advance when parking and prevent the work platform from reaching the target. Secondary parking operation. Always be vigilant when operating at high altitudes, especially when obstacles are encountered, maintain a sufficient safety distance from obstacles ( especially the power system ) . When someone on the platform of the Yunti fire truck or platform fire truck performs an ascent operation, the operator should stick to the main operation table, pay attention to observation and monitoring, and maintain contact at all times. The platform load must not exceed the load. In general, it should be calculated by the 90k combatants. The recoil recoil and the weight of the rescued person should be reserved. When the flow rate of the monitor is 60Us , the water recoil of the monitor can bring 120kg to the platform . When using a descent and a lifesaver to save people, the weight of the device should also be considered, and the platform must not be overweight. Regardless of whether it is operating a ladder truck, a platform fire platform or a high-ejection fire engine, the boom is located above the cab. The operation of getting on the vehicle must be operated after the amplitude movement to operate the swing motion. Normally, the arm must be operated. When the raised angle reaches 15 degrees or more, the rotation and extension can only be performed. The movement of the upper arm to the extension limit and the amplitude limit angle can automatically stop the operation. The red light installed on the operation console will display or give an audible alarm. At this time, the upper arm operates within the safe working range. Combatants when water jetting, should wear seatbelts f This is particularly important climbing operation), water cannon can be rotated up and down as needed, on the fire source effective fire fighting. However, it should be noted that when the boom rotates, it is not possible to shoot water at the same time. When the old-style high-ejection fire truck shoots water, it will automatically cut off the big-arm oil circuit. It should avoid suddenly starting or suddenly stopping the water jet. Pressurization and decompression should be performed slowly to prevent water hammer from occurring. Phenomenon, the water truck outlet pressure should not be greater than 1 . 3MPa ( low pressure pump ) . 5 Lifting car maintenance requirements High-grade fire engines need to be maintained to ensure their safety performance. The following briefly describes the requirements for maintenance: El should always be parked in a clean, dry garage with an ambient temperature of 10 - 20 degrees and kept in a non-working state. After each use, the entire vehicle should be cleaned, wiped, lubricated, and carefully inspected, maintained and maintained. At ordinary times, inspection and maintenance of the vehicle assembly mechanisms should be inspected and maintained at all times. Whether the connection pieces are complete or not, and whether the locking is effective, prevent loosening, breaking, and falling off, especially when the upper arm of the vehicle is fastened, it should be checked every ET . The vehicle electrical system should be the focus of maintenance and maintenance. The driver should regularly check whether the battery has sufficient power, whether the light alarm is intact, whether the intercom system is in good condition, and whether the electronic control switch is sensitive. The electrical system components, accessories and line contacts should be kept clean and dry. The maintenance of electrical appliances must be performed by professional personnel. Usually the box should be checked regularly hydraulic oil reservoir, the end of all operations, the oil in the oil should be marked 2/3 or more, according to the inspection or predetermined hydraulic system piping is loose or leakage of hydraulic oil used to ensure that the hydraulic system The cleanliness, to prevent air or other impurities into the hydraulic system, should be based on the actual use of the vehicle every six months or a year to replace the hydraulic oil. Ladder fire trucks rely on wire ropes to pull the ladder group to perform telescopic movements. Wire ropes should always be inspected and lubricated. Each quarter under normal conditions must be fully inspected through the complete use of the entire vehicle organization so that it can be prepared. 6 Conclusion At present, China's fire-fighting forces use a large number of high-quality fire-fighting vehicles, but they have not formed serialization, standardization, and generalization. Troops have a single understanding of high-grade fire-fighting vehicles, have insufficient safety performance, fail to perform inspections, and are unable or unable to do so. Doing maintenance inspections in a timely manner has caused security accidents to occur from time to time, which has seriously affected the combat effectiveness of troops and the safety of officers and soldiers. Because of the special nature of high-grade fire engines, fire safety vehicles have higher requirements for their safety performance. Fire-fighting forces must start with vehicle procurement procedures, strictly control vehicle quality and training, and ensure that vehicles cannot enter the army and idle resources cannot occur. In the process of use, the officers and men can thoroughly understand the use of cooked vehicles so that they can be operated and used. They will be maintained and maintained so that they can be in a good state of readiness at any time to maximize the effectiveness of their equipment. The task provides protection. This article comes from "Science and Technology Innovation", the 30th issue of 2014 , which was re-edited by China Rescue Equipment Network. Â
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