First, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, fruit trees bear the brunt.

 

The fertilizer was not used in excess of the ratio, destroying the soil and causing many catastrophic problems for the fruit trees. First, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, soil organic matter is seriously deficient, beneficial bacteria lose their living environment, roots are invaded by fungi, causing rotten roots and dead trees. Second, due to the serious lack of organic matter in the soil, soil compaction, poor ventilation, affecting the robust growth of the roots. The third is to ignore the application of medium and micro nutrient, the trace elements in the soil are severely depleted, and the quality of the fruit is reduced.

 

Second, a large number of unfermented and decomposed farmyard manures are used, resulting in rotten dead trees.

 

A large number of unfertilized and decomposed people, livestock and poultry manure are directly applied to the soil of the orchard, and a large number of pathogens, pests, salt, etc. carried by them will cause serious damage to the root system. In order to save labor and effort, the use of hole application, ditch application, digging trenches is small and small, filling the fertilizer with a hole, covering the soil, burning roots is also a common phenomenon.

 

The root system of apples is mainly distributed in the range of 20-80 cm below the surface, and the concentrated distribution layer is about 40 cm below the surface. Fruit farmers are labor-saving and labor-saving, digging and fertilizing are becoming shallower, and even spreading fertilizer on the ground or waiting for rain. The roots follow the fat, and the roots of the fruit trees are led to the surface year after year. They are neither drought-resistant nor resistant to phlegm, and are not conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. It makes the stress resistance of fruit trees worse, and it is easy to cause dead branches and dead trees when they are affected by drought, phlegm and freezing.

 

Third, long-term abandonment of soil management has intensified soil compaction.

 

The orchard will not be planed for a long time. The spring and summer herbicides all rely on herbicides, only weeds are eliminated, and the soil permeability cannot be dredged. As a result, the living soil layer is in a state of severe consolidation for a long time, and it is neither drought-resistant nor resistant to phlegm. After the rain, the soil was poorly ventilated, and the roots were suffocated and a lot of fallen leaves.

 

Fourth, the tree storage is seriously inadequate, which is the main cause of rot disease.

 

Abandoned management of the orchard households, no topdressing in summer, no application of base fertilizer in autumn, severe deficiency of tree nutrition, causing rot disease to flood, many fruit trees were shaved.

 

Some of the surviving fruit trees have few apples, and the leaves are yellow and small like acacia leaves. It can be seen that the autumn application of the base fertilizer and the adequate storage of the tree in winter are not only the key to keeping the tree strong and resisting the infection of rot, but also the basis for ensuring high yield and quality of the next year.

 

Therefore, many experts have called for: the autumn Shiji fertilizer is “golden”, the winter application base fertilizer is “silver”, and the spring application base fertilizer is “broken copper and iron”.

Countermeasures for solving rotten dead trees

 

First, change the sense of fertilization, and get out of the misunderstanding of the fertilizer.

 

Advocate the application of farmyard manure; if nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, supplement with nitro compound fertilizer; vigorously advocate the use of fruit trees, weeds, straw smash and bury underground to improve soil aeration.

 

Chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, etc. in the farm are mainly caused by hormones, caustic soda and salt. First, the soil is fermented and fermented, and the fruit is not suitable for continuous application.

 

Second, improve fertilization methods and strengthen soil management.

 

Application of fermented and decomposed farmyard manure should be finely sprinkled and smashed into the soil by using hoeing planers to prevent excessive concentration of burned roots. Application of bio-organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers, whether it is ring-shaped or radial trenching, one is more radial digging (8-10); the second is the annular trenching; the third is deep and 30 cm deep . The fertilizer is widely exposed to the roots of the fruit trees. Sprinkle with fertilizer and soil and mix well to cover the soil to prevent the piles from burning the roots.

 

It is necessary to insist on a whole planing orchard every spring, which not only keeps the living soil layer well ventilated, but also prevents the root system from being led to the surface layer. Use herbicides in spring and summer. By loosening the grass, the topsoil is kept loose and well ventilated. In particular, in the case of continuous heavy rain, it is necessary to ventilate in time after the rain to prevent the root suffocation from causing a large number of fallen leaves.

 

Apply base fertilizer in autumn to increase storage nutrition.

 

It is necessary to fully understand the sufficient nutrient storage of fruit trees in winter, which is not only the basis for ensuring the robustness of the tree, but also the key to ensuring the high yield and quality of the fruit in the next year. Early harvesting of fruit trees such as large cherry, apricot, peach, plum, walnut, grape, early and middle ripe pear, apple, etc., in September to complete the task of autumn application of base fertilizer. Hawthorn, chestnut and late-ripening varieties of apples, pears, peaches and other fruit trees, after harvesting in October, must grab time to apply enough base fertilizer, when the sensation is good, after the fall can also bring fruit fertilizer.

 

Third, dredge the drainage system to prevent water accumulation in the orchard.

 

In the orchard, through the whole planing orchard, the trunk is raised 15-20 cm to form a hatchback shape to prevent water from accumulating under the tree after heavy rain. The line between the fruit trees is 15-20 cm below the canopy. The dry days can be watered smoothly, and the rain can be drained smoothly after heavy rain.

     Fourth, strengthen soil improvement and scientifically replant saplings.

 

If the lower part belongs to the sticky soil, you must dig a large hole (1-1.2 m deep, 1-1.5 m square), fill the topsoil, sand and weeds, straw and other organic matter in the middle and lower parts to create a loose Live soil layer.