Bearing work in view and fault handling (2)
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When bearings operate at high speeds and temperatures, the lubricant must remain smooth and effective. In cases where grease is used, it can be replaced with oil for better performance. Circulating oil systems help dissipate heat efficiently, ensuring optimal bearing operation.
Viscosity is a critical property of lubricating oil, directly influencing its flow and the thickness of the oil film formed between moving parts. The ideal viscosity range for bearing applications is typically 12–15 cSt at operating temperature.
Higher speeds generally require lower viscosity oils, while heavier loads call for higher viscosity lubricants. Commonly used lubricants include mechanical oil, high-speed mechanical oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, transformer oil, and cylinder oil.
There are several lubrication methods:
a. **Oil Bath Lubrication** – This is the most common method, suitable for low to medium speed bearings. A portion of the bearing is submerged in an oil reservoir, and the rotating parts carry the oil up, then return it to the reservoir.
b. **Drip Lubrication** – Ideal for precise oil supply, typically one drop every 3–8 seconds. Too much oil can increase bearing temperature.
c. **Circulating Oil Lubrication** – Oil is pumped to the bearing, filtered, cooled, and reused. This method is efficient for high-speed bearings as it helps manage heat.
d. **Spray Lubrication** – Oil is mixed with air to form a fine mist, which is sprayed into the bearing. This method cools the bearing and prevents contamination, making it suitable for high-speed and high-temperature environments.
e. **High-Pressure Oil Injection** – High-pressure oil is injected through a nozzle into the bearing. This method is essential for high-speed operations where traditional lubrication methods may not be sufficient.
In special applications, solid lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide (3–5%) can be added to grease to reduce wear, improve heat resistance, and enhance performance under extreme conditions like high vacuum, corrosion, radiation, or extremely low temperatures. Solid lubricants can also be embedded in materials like engineering plastics or powder metallurgy to create self-lubricating components.
**Grease Refilling and Replacement**
Over time, grease can degrade due to mechanical stress, aging, and contamination. Regular replenishment is necessary depending on the bearing type, load, and operating conditions. If the bearing temperature exceeds 70°C or rises by 15°C, the refilling interval should be halved.
Many double-sided sealed bearings come pre-filled with grease during manufacturing. These bearings use standard lubricants that are suitable for general applications. The grease quantity is matched to the bearing size, and the lifespan of the grease often exceeds that of the bearing itself, eliminating the need for frequent refills unless specified.
For oil lubrication, the replacement cycle depends on usage conditions. In clean environments with temperatures below 50°C, oil can last up to a year. However, at 100°C, it should be changed every three months or less.
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