First, use high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides

It is strictly forbidden to use highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, such as 1605 , 007 Omethoate, Jiachao, etc. Instead, choose high-efficiency, low-toxic, and low-residue pesticides that are less harmful to natural enemies, such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil, brometholi Ester, mancozeb, and kelu. These options help maintain ecological balance while effectively managing pests.

Second, the choice of production base

The production base for pollution-free vegetables should be located away from industrial and mining pollution sources to avoid contamination from "three wastes." The environmental quality must comply with the standards outlined in DB221-946-2001 . This ensures a clean and safe environment for growing vegetables without harmful pollutants.

Third, variety selection

Selecting disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties is crucial. For example, in protected areas, cucumber varieties like Qing 1 and Jin Chun series are ideal. Eggplant varieties such as Jijia No. 2 and black and bright are suitable, while pepper varieties like Fourth Pepper or tomato varieties like Kat Powder III and Good Powder 15 are also recommended. In open fields, Jizao No. 2 and Jiza No. 4 are good choices for cucumbers, and Jijiao No. 2 and Jijiao No. 3 for green peppers. Eggplants can benefit from Cigar No. 2 and Jijia No. 1.

Fourth, pest control

　　 1. Agricultural control: Before planting, remove all residual leaves, weeds, and diseased plant residues from the field and dispose of them through deep burial or burning. Avoid planting non-crop plants for more than three years to prevent soil degradation. Use techniques like black seed pumpkin grafting to reduce pest and disease risks.

　　 2 , biological control: Utilize natural predators such as Lizard bees to manage greenhouse whiteflies. Apply biological pesticides like 2% brumamycin water at 200 times solution to treat cucumber anthracnose. Use 4% Chunleimycin wettable powder at 1000 times liquid to manage bacterial leaf spot. Apply 2.25 kg/ha of Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder for foliar spray to control aphids and red spiders.

　　 3. Physical control: Use yellow sticky traps and silver-gray strips to repel mites. Install insect-proof nets or shade nets to prevent pests. Implement high-temperature treatment at temperatures between 42 ~ 45 °C for 1.5 ~ 2 hours to prevent cucumber downy mildew. Soak seeds in warm water at 50 ~ 55 °C for 20 minutes for disinfection.

　　 4. Chemical prevention and control: Conduct regular monitoring and forecasting of pests and diseases to act early. Apply appropriate chemicals timely, and alternate pesticide types to avoid resistance. Spray every 7 to 10 days, up to 3 to 4 times. Avoid using the same pesticide more than three times consecutively. Control fungal diseases with 72% dew, 69% manganese, and 75% chlorothalonil. For bacterial diseases, use 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate or 30% DT wettable powder. For viral diseases, apply 20% virus A wettable powder. For pests, use 1.8% insect full emulsion, 1.8% pyroline wettable powder, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC.

Fifth, formula fertilization

Apply mature manure and pig manure mixed fertilizer, preferably biogas slag. The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the vegetable type and soil fertility. Limit chemical fertilizer usage and ensure proper application. Use potassium sulfate instead of potassium chloride. Apply ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers, not nitrate nitrogen. For solanaceous crops, apply about 300 kg of diammonium phosphate and 50 kg of potassium sulfate. After flowering, apply fermented organic fertilizer once or twice during fruit development.

In the production of pollution-free vegetables, reduce chemical fertilizer use and increase the application of biological fertilizers such as Tianda- 2216 , which improve soil health and enhance crop yield. Apply these fertilizers during the growth stage, and spraying once per fruiting period can boost yields by over 20% .

Sixth, strictly control the safety interval of medication

Different pesticides have different safety intervals. For instance, hydrogen bromide requires 3 days, chlorothalonil needs 7 days, carbendazim requires 25 days, and mancozeb needs 5 days. Ensure that pesticide residues do not exceed legal limits before harvesting. Harvest after the safety interval has passed, and use clean, hygienic tools to maintain product quality.

 

Types Of PH Sensors

Introduction

A comprehensive understanding and selection of different types of pH sensors are essential to improving the accuracy and reliability of pH measurements. Daruifuno's rich range of pH sensors is your best choice. Whether you are a scientist in a laboratory, a farmer managing soil conditions, or an engineer overseeing industrial processes, it is particularly important to understand and screen the types of pH sensors suitable for targeted specific industries. The following will delve into the details of each sensor type, including its principles, applications, and structural composition, to help you make an informed decision.