Raw material defects in bearings

[Hung Yu SKF Bearing Technology Center] Through an in-depth analysis of the fracture toughness and other mechanical properties of SKF bearing steels, as well as the process of crack propagation in materials, it becomes clear that when operating under high dn values and with the presence of hoop stress, the classification of needle roller bearings, marking methods, surface treatment of high-speed steel, and the depth of the hardened layer in low-carbon high-speed steel all play a critical role in the performance and longevity of SKF bearings. To address these challenges, SKF has developed advanced surface treatment processes that significantly improve surface hardness and induce beneficial compressive stresses. These treatments result in enhanced fatigue crack resistance, with slower crack propagation during the second stage of crack growth. Additionally, they help increase the fracture toughness of the core material, even in cases where quenching is insufficient or carbon content is low. The surface treatment technologies developed by SKF include: (1) Local heat treatment using shock, electrical, or induction hardening to properly harden locally unquenched high-speed steels, creating a surface hardened layer. It’s important to note that controlled under-quenching can actually enhance the fracture toughness of SKF bearings. (2) Chemical heat treatment, which introduces carbon or nitrogen into the microstructure of standard high-speed steel, resulting in a thin but effective hardened surface layer. This method allows for precise control over the surface properties without drastically altering the bulk material characteristics. SKF believes that similar surface treatment benefits can be achieved in FAG bearings when developing new steel analysis techniques or improving heat treatment processes for next-generation aeroengine applications. If the microstructure and mechanical properties of SKF bearings, enhanced through heat treatment, are fully understood, quenched steel and high-speed steel can be optimally utilized in aeroengine bearings. This information is provided by the [SKF Bearing Technology Center], and the company retains the final right of interpretation.

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