Feed ingredients - soybeans and their processing by-products
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August 17 12:13:20, 2025
Soybean is a dicotyledonous leguminous annual herb, widely cultivated for its seeds. Originating in China, soybeans are one of the most important crops globally. The United States is currently the largest producer, followed closely by China. Soybeans come in various colors and types, with yellow soybeans being the most common.
Despite their rich nutritional profile, raw soybeans contain several anti-nutritional factors that make them unsuitable for direct animal feeding. These compounds must be neutralized through processing to unlock the full nutritional potential of the bean. This has led to the development of numerous high-value soy-based products tailored for the feed industry.
Some of the key processed soy products include:
1. **Soy Protein Isolate**: Made from low-temperature soybean meal, this product is produced using an alkali-soluble acid precipitation method. It has a protein content of at least 90% (dry basis), making it ideal for high-protein feed formulations.
2. **Soybean Phospholipid Oil**: A phospholipid-rich oil obtained during the degumming process of crude soybean oil. It is commonly used in animal nutrition due to its emulsifying properties.
3. **Soy Protein Hydrolyzed Protein**: Produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean or processed soy products, this form enhances digestibility and nutrient absorption in animals.
4. **Soy Protein Concentrate**: A product made by removing non-protein components from low-temperature soybean meal, containing at least 65% protein (dry basis).
5. **Soybean Germ (Powder)**: Derived from deoiled soybean germ, it is a valuable source of essential nutrients and energy.
6. **Soybean Germ Oil**: Extracted from soybean germ through pressing or solvent extraction, this oil is often used in feed formulations and must be supplied by certified manufacturers.
7. **Soybean Skin**: The outer layer of the soybean, removed during the peeling process. It can be used as a fiber source in animal diets.
8. **Soybean Sieve Residue**: Composed of broken seeds, seed coats, and shells, this residue is often used as a roughage supplement.
9. **Soy Molasses**: A thick, syrup-like material rich in sugars and proteins, produced during the manufacturing of soy protein concentrate.
10. **Soy Fiber**: A fibrous component extracted from soybeans, used to improve gut health in livestock.
11. **Soybean Oil**: Obtained through pressing or extraction, this oil is a major component in many feed formulations and must be sourced from approved suppliers.
12. **Bean Cake**: A by-product of soybean oil extraction, it is rich in protein and often used in ruminant diets.
13. **Cardamom (Soybean Meal)**: A by-product of soybean oil extraction, it provides a good source of protein and is often protected in the rumen for better utilization.
14. **Bean Dregs**: A residue left after soaking, milling, and processing soybeans into various products, it contains valuable nutrients.
15. **Baked Soybeans (Powder)**: Whole soybeans baked and ground into powder, offering a high-protein, easily digestible feed option.
16. **Puffed Soybean Meal**: Made by cleaning, grinding, and puffing whole soybeans, this product improves digestibility and nutrient availability.
17. **Puffed Soy Protein**: A textured protein product created by puffing soy protein isolate or concentrate under controlled conditions, mimicking meat in texture and function.
18. **Expanded Soybean Meal**: A product derived from soybean meal or embryo, processed through expansion techniques to enhance its nutritional value.
These diverse soy-based products play a crucial role in modern animal feed systems, providing essential nutrients while supporting sustainable agricultural practices.