Field management points of summer eggplant
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August 07 05:21:44, 2025
Summer eggplant is typically grown during a hot and rainy season, which makes it prone to pests and diseases, leading to low and unstable yields. To achieve optimal production, the following field management practices should be implemented:
A. Apply "three" types of fertilizers: After transplanting seedlings, apply 1000 kg of well-rotted manure mixed with 20% human waste fertilizer or 10–15 kg of chemical fertilizer. When the fruit starts to develop, apply 1500 kg of human waste or 15 kg of compound fertilizer to promote early fruit growth. During the fruit enlargement stage, apply 2000 kg of manure or 20 kg of compound fertilizer to ensure strong and healthy fruits.
B. Manage "three" waterings: In addition to watering the roots after planting, provide steady fruit water when the fruits begin to develop and the bracts appear, to support young fruit growth. Then, give a second watering when the fruits grow rapidly. Before harvesting, water lightly every 2–3 days to keep the fruits fresh and promote their growth.
C. Prune properly: Eggplants have a regular branching pattern. Retain two symmetrical branches that grow diagonally or horizontally at the fork, and remove other branches, especially those growing vertically upwards. Once the plant stabilizes, remove all axillary buds below the main stem. Additionally, remove any side shoots and "Apricot vine" growth, and top the plant so that each plant produces 5–7 fruits.
D. Cultivate and weed regularly: During the vigorous growth period, weeds can become a problem. Perform 2–3 rounds of cultivation and weeding before the rows close to control weeds, improve soil structure, and prevent erosion. Once the plants are fully grown, no further weeding is needed.
E. Pest and disease control: Common pests affecting summer eggplants include aphids, leaf spot, and budworms. For aphid control, use 70% dicyclanil diluted 500–600 times or 70% chlorothalonil at 600 times. For leaf spot, apply 65% mancozeb at 500–600 times. For budworms, treat the crop when the first inflorescence elongates but the upper ones are still tight, using 2.5% kungfu at 4000 times or 20% deodorized emulsion at 800 times.
F. Harvesting: Harvest eggplants when they turn from white to light green, ensuring optimal quality and marketability.
(Chen Huijun)