Field management points of summer eggplant
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August 07 05:36:50, 2025
Summer eggplant is typically grown during hot, rainy seasons when pests and diseases are more prevalent, leading to low and unstable yields. To achieve a better harvest, the following field management practices should be implemented:
First, apply "three fat" fertilization: During the early growth stage of seedlings, apply 1000 kg of well-rotted manure mixed with 20% human waste fertilizer or 10–15 kg of compound fertilizer. When the eggplants start to set fruit, apply 1500 kg of well-rotted manure or 15 kg of compound fertilizer. For strong fruit development, apply 2000 kg of well-rotted manure or 20 kg of compound fertilizer.
Second, manage "three waterings": In addition to watering the roots regularly, provide steady water when fruits begin to develop and the flower buds appear to support the growth of young fruits. During the rapid fruiting period, fill the ditches with water until the soil becomes naturally dry. Two to three days before harvesting, give a light watering to help the fruits grow properly.
Third, pruning: Eggplant plants have a regular branching pattern. Retain two symmetrical branches that grow diagonally or horizontally at each fork, and remove other branches, especially those growing vertically upwards. After the plant stabilizes, remove all axillary buds below the main stem. Additionally, remove side shoots and "apricot vines," and top the plant so that each plant produces 5–7 fruits.
Fourth, cultivation and weeding: During the vigorous growth phase, weeds can become a problem. Perform 2–3 rounds of soil cultivation and weeding before the rows close to control weeds, improve soil structure, and maintain moisture. Once the rows close, no further weeding is needed.
Fifth, disease prevention: Common pests that reduce yield and damage the quality of summer eggplants include aphids, leaf spot, and budworm. Aphid control can be done using 70% dithane at 500–600 times dilution or 70% chlorothalonil at 600 times dilution. Leaf spot can be controlled with 65% mancozeb at 500–600 times dilution. The best time to treat budworm is when one inflorescence elongates and the upper ones have not yet stretched. Apply 2.5% kungfu at 4000 times dilution or 20% deodorized emulsion at 800 times dilution.
Sixth, harvesting: Harvest eggplants when they turn from white to light green, ensuring they are picked in a timely manner.
(Chen Huijun)