Where is the anti-monopoly card for China's auto parts?
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Abnormally high "zero ratio"
This year, China Insurance Industry Association and China Automobile Maintenance Association jointly released the “zero ratio†of the common domestic models (the ratio of the price of all the spare parts of the vehicle to the price of the whole vehicle), and disclosed the “zero of 18 common models†for the first time. The whole ratio." I can't afford it. This is the long-term experience of most Chinese car owners. The data shows that the “zero ratio†coefficient of some domestic models is staggering. The so-called "zero ratio" is the ratio of the price of all parts and components of the vehicle to the price of the whole vehicle. Zhang Jingwei, secretary general of the China Automobile Maintenance Industry Association, said that in foreign research data, about 300% of the complete vehicle parts are the most common, and 600% and 700% are unreasonable. According to the author's understanding, Beijing Mercedes-Benz C-class W204 model, the "zero ratio" coefficient is as high as 1273%. That is to say, in China, the cost of replacing all the accessories of this car can be purchased for more than 12 new cars.
In addition to luxury brands, the “Zero Ratio†of Toyota's Yaris models with a huge amount in China has reached 720.28%; the remaining “zero ratio†of the surveyed vehicles has also exceeded 400%, and only a few are below 300%. . According to the "Automobile Brand Sales Management Implementation Measures", automobile brand dealers should engage in auto brand sales, after-sales service, parts supply and other activities within the scope authorized by the auto supplier. This regulation seems to regulate the auto parts market, but actually Indirectly strengthened the monopoly of domestic automobile after-sales maintenance and spare parts supply. The industry's view on the monopoly of automobiles is more consistent. In the production and manufacturing, especially in the procurement of spare parts, the foreign party is basically "thinking."
In the current production of joint venture car manufacturers, the foreign party is in an absolute control position in the control of the spare parts system. Jia Xinguang, a senior auto analyst, said: "The vertical monopoly of the original parts of the automobile includes that the intellectual property rights of the parts designed by the supplier are stipulated by the whole vehicle manufacturer; the 4S shop can only import the parts from the whole vehicle manufacturer; the 4S shop must be repaired. Use original parts, etc." "This monopolistic behavior is caused by the monopoly of the channel. The channel supply and spare parts pricing are all determined by the car manufacturers. From the upstream suppliers to the downstream dealers, to the consumers No choice." Jia Xinguang said.
Step by step to break the monopoly
For the status quo, dealers also have hardships. According to the author's understanding, at this stage, the original spare parts of the manufacturers are all supplied to their authorized dealers, and the spare parts suppliers cannot bypass the automobile manufacturers and directly flow to the market. The manufacturers can achieve low-priced purchases and high-priced sales.
At the same time, the owner of the car during the warranty period can only repair and replace the spare parts through the 4S shop, otherwise it may not be able to enjoy the after-sales service. Zhang Jingwei said that the technical monopoly of after-sales service includes: no maintenance technical information for independent maintenance enterprises and consumers to disclose vehicles; no public diagnostic equipment models and testing parameters; no public maintenance special tools and production enterprises. The market can not buy the original parts, there is no maintenance technical information, many users do not dare to go to the repair shop to repair the car, can only go to the 4S shop, 4S shop will greatly raise the working hours. In the entire process of the formation of auto parts monopoly, dealers are in a more passive position. With the same product quality, 4S stores can be purchased from the market much cheaper than the manufacturers, but they have no choice. "Now the growth rate of the national automobile market is slowing down, and more and more cities are being restricted. In cities like Beijing, the density of dealers is so large, the operation is already very difficult, and now all kinds of negative factors are superimposed. Manufacturers should consider In the aspect of after-sales accessories, relax the control of 4S stores.†Yan Jinghui, deputy general manager of Asian Games Village Auto Trading Market, said.
Yan Jinghui believes that it is not realistic to let auto manufacturers open the accessories channel at once. The more feasible way is that auto manufacturers still retain some of the original factory supply, so that dealers can purchase spare parts through other diversified channels, but the manufacturers are dealers. The purchase channel must be quality checked. Rao Da, secretary-general of the National Passenger Car Market Information Association, believes that after the monopoly of accessories has been broken, it is necessary to introduce regulations on the quality management of auto parts, stipulating that auto parts must be certified by the automobile quality inspection agency before they can be listed. If the certification body is found to be guilty, it will be fined 10 to 20 times of the certification income, eliminate the counterfeit and shoddy parts manufacturers, reduce the cost and trouble of the manufacturers to counterfeit, and better protect the interests of users.
The root of the disease lies in the old rules
After joining the WTO in 2001, the products of multinational auto companies flooded into China in a joint venture and import mode. In order to regulate the automobile market, the Chinese government introduced the "Automotive Industry Policy" and "Automobile Brand Sales Implementation Management Measures" in 2005, making the automobile 4S shop a single mode in the field of automobile circulation. It is precisely this model that leads to the dominance of car sales to spare parts distribution. Although China introduced the anti-monopoly law in 2008, the automobile industry is limited by various factors, and the relevant investigation and evidence collection is difficult.
Huang Yonghe, chief expert of the China Automotive Technology and Research Center, said that the legislation has to face many difficulties. The first is the "Management Measures for the Implementation of Automobile Brand Sales" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"). There is a clear contradiction between it and the anti-monopoly law. Article 18 of the Measures stipulates that: Automobiles that are not authorized for brand sales or have no operating conditions may not provide automobile resources; Article 25 stipulates that automobile brand dealers shall engage in automobile brand sales within the scope authorized by automobile brand suppliers. , after-sales service, spare parts supply. Regarding the contradiction between the "Measures" and the anti-monopoly law, Cao Xuejun, chief engineer of China Insurance Research Institute of Automobiles, said: "The "Measures" is only a regulation, and the anti-monopoly law is a regulation. Anti-monopoly investigation is to promote a modification of the "Measures" Good conditions." "How to amend the Measures is a dispute of interests, and it is necessary to adjust the interests of all parties in the process of automobile sales. However, even if the "Measures" is revised, all problems cannot be solved." Chief Expert of China Automotive Technology Research Center Huang Yonghe said.
Li Yanwei, director of the National Business Department of Sina Auto, said that the "Measures" should be revised. First, manufacturers should not be allowed to collect deposits from dealers. Secondly, manufacturers should not use sales subsidies to restrict dealers from selling their cars to other places. Secondary sales stores; manufacturers and distributors should be on an equal footing, and it is not possible to suppress dealers. Jia Xinguang even believes that after years of development in China's market, the environment has undergone great changes and no longer needs a solution. Huang Yonghe called for the anti-monopoly law to develop an anti-monopoly-related guide or rule in the automotive industry. “Everyone competes fairly according to the rules, because the anti-monopoly law is too big. For example, the main problem in the field of automobile sales is vertical monopoly. What is included in the vertical monopoly of the automobile can be regulated.â€
